Fort Henry And Donelson :: essays research papers

assemble Donelson, Tennessee, guarding the Cumberland River, became the range of the for the first time major participator defeat in the courteous War. Victory at Donelson started Brigadier General Ulysses S. Grant on his road to Appomattox and the White House. His tranquil judgment under pressure saved the day aft(prenominal) the Confederates threatened to break his troop lines, yet errors by his opponents handed him a victory that he did not fully earn on his own.     Possession of the remediate part of two states vital to the South depended on the outcome of the battle at assemble Donelson. When war began in April 1861, Kentucky declared its neutrality, in response to plenteous conflicts of opinion among its citizens. Considering neutrality impossible to maintain, North and South maneuvered for position once Kentucky was opened to array operations. The Confederates constructed fortifications on both the Tennessee and Cumberland rivers just south of the Kentucky line. They built arm enthalpy on the Tennessee River, on ground susceptible to flooding, but chose higher ground for Fort Donelson on the Cumberland River.     Both sides wanted Kentucky but recognized that the first to cross its borders risked losing popular support. Confederate Brigadier General Gideon J. Pillow rashly seized Columbus, Kentucky, on the disseminated multiple sclerosis River bluffs, a move that appalled President Jefferson Davis, who first coherent Pillow to withdraw, then allowed him to stay when he realized that the deed could not be reversed. Grant, dominate at Cairo, Illinois, then occupied Paducah at the mouth of the Tennessee and Smithland at the mouth of the Cumberland, strategic points neglected by General Gideon Pillow.     In November Grant tested Confederate strength at Columbus by landing military across the multiple sclerosis River at Belmont, Missouri. The drawn battle that followed sent him back to Cairo up to now eager to advance, but not necessarily along the Mississippi River. Knowing of the poor location of Fort Henry, he wanted to use Union gunboats to advantage, and foresaw that the descent of Fort Henry would open the Tennessee River as far jointure as Alabama. Winning reluctant permission from his superior, Major General Henry W. Halleck, Grant locomote south in early February. The flooded Fort Henry fell to the gunboats on February 6, 1862 and most of the garrison fled to Fort Donelson, which was eleven miles away. Grant then followed, by and by sending the gunboats back down the Tennessee and over to the Cumberland. In St. Louis, Halleck, a "military bureaucrat par excellence", took no official insight of Grants plans.Fort Henry And Donelson essays research papers Fort Donelson, Tennessee, guarding the Cumberland River, became the site of the first major Confederate defeat in the Civil War. Victory at Donelson started Brigadier General Ulysses S. Grant on his road to Appomattox and the White House. His cool judgment under pressure saved the day after the Confederates threatened to break his troop lines, yet errors by his opponents handed him a victory that he did not fully earn on his own.     Possession of the better part of two states vital to the South depended on the outcome of the battle at Fort Donelson. When war began in April 1861, Kentucky declared its neutrality, in response to deep conflicts of opinion among its citizens. Considering neutrality impossible to maintain, North and South maneuvered for position once Kentucky was opened to military operations. The Confederates constructed fortifications on both the Tennessee and Cumberland rivers just south of the Kentucky line. They built Fort Henry on the Tennessee River, on ground susceptible to flooding, but chose higher ground for Fort Donelson on the Cumberland River.     Both sides wanted Kentucky but recognized that the f irst to cross its borders risked losing popular support. Confederate Brigadier General Gideon J. Pillow rashly seized Columbus, Kentucky, on the Mississippi River bluffs, a move that appalled President Jefferson Davis, who first ordered Pillow to withdraw, then allowed him to stay when he realized that the deed could not be reversed. Grant, commanding at Cairo, Illinois, then occupied Paducah at the mouth of the Tennessee and Smithland at the mouth of the Cumberland, strategic points neglected by General Gideon Pillow.     In November Grant tested Confederate strength at Columbus by landing troops across the Mississippi River at Belmont, Missouri. The drawn battle that followed sent him back to Cairo still eager to advance, but not necessarily along the Mississippi River. Knowing of the poor location of Fort Henry, he wanted to use Union gunboats to advantage, and foresaw that the fall of Fort Henry would open the Tennessee River as far north as Alabama. Winning reluctant permission from his superior, Major General Henry W. Halleck, Grant moved south in early February. The flooded Fort Henry fell to the gunboats on February 6, 1862 and most of the garrison fled to Fort Donelson, which was eleven miles away. Grant then followed, after sending the gunboats back down the Tennessee and over to the Cumberland. In St. Louis, Halleck, a "military bureaucrat par excellence", took no official insight of Grants plans.